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1.
Rev. toxicol ; 37(1): 11-16, 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194439

RESUMO

Estudios toxicológicos y epidemiológicos ponen de manifiesto que el material particulado (PM) específicamente el PM2.5 tiene efectos negativos significativos en la salud humana, asociado con mortalidad, insuficiencia cardíaca, trastornos respiratorios, enfermedades pulmonares y cáncer. La toxicidad y el efecto inflamatorio de estas partículas están relacionados con su tamaño y características químicas. En este estudio se determinaron las características químicas de las fracciones acuosas y orgánicas solubles del PM2.5 recolectado en tres sitios de monitoreo del área urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador y se evaluó su actividad genotóxica mediante el ensayo del cometa en la línea celular de ovario de hámster chino, CHO-K1. El análisis gravimétrico de las muestras reveló que dos de los sitios de estudio superaron el límite de 25 mig/m3 establecido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En la caracterización de las fracciones acuosas y orgánicas se determinó la presencia de metales como el hierro y zinc e hidrocarburos aromáticos tales como el benzo(a) antraceno respectivamente. Las células fueron expuestas a 3,26 m3 de aire /mL de los extractos acuosos y 1,63 m3 de aire/mL de los extractos orgánicos. Finalmente se observó que los extractos obtenidos de PM2.5 inducen daño genotóxico en la longitud del largo de cola medido mediante el ensayo del cometa; este tipo de daño pueden atribuirse a la combinación de las especies químicas detectadas


Toxicological and epidemiological studies have a manifesto that particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5 has negative effects on human health, associated with mortality, heart failure, respiratory disorders, lung diseases, and cancer. The toxicity and inflammatory effect of these particles are related to their size and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of the soluble aqueous and organic fractions of the particulate material PM 2.5 collected in the monitoring sites of the urban area of ​​the city of Cuenca-Ecuador and to evaluate its genotoxic activity by means of the test of the comet of in the Chinese hamster ovary cells line CHO-K1. The gravimetric analysis of the samples revealed that two of the study sites exceeded the limit of 25 ug / m3 established by the WHO. In the characterization of water and organic fractions, the presence of metals such as Fe and Zn and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a) anthracene determined, respectively. Cells were exposed to 3,26 m3 of air /mL of aqueous extracts and 1,63 m3 of air/ mL of organic extracts. Finally, it was observed that the extracts obtained from PM2.5 induce genotoxic in the length of tail length measured by the comet assay; this type of damage can be attributed to the combination of the detected chemical species


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cricetinae , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Genotoxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Ensaio Cometa , População Urbana , Equador
2.
Benef Microbes ; 6(2): 209-17, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25391345

RESUMO

Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated to a change in stool consistency or frequency, include low-grade inflammation and intestinal microbiota changes. Few and disappointing data are available for prebiotics. A few controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics are instead available with favourable effects, although most are limited by suboptimal design and small sample size. A recent report from the Rome foundation group included 32 RCTs of probiotics, most of which showed an overall modest improvement in symptoms, with the patients most benefitting from probiotics being those with predominant diarrhoea and those having a post-infectious IBS. A review focusing only on children with functional gastrointestinal disorders concluded that probiotics are more effective than placebo in the treatment of patients with abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders, although no effect on constipation was evident. The role for probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appears logical: the endogenous intestinal microbiota plays a central role in their development, and various probiotics have been found effective in animal models of IBD. However, research in humans has been overall quite limited, and it would seem that after a phase of intense research in the first decade of this century, the pace has slowed down, with fewer clinical trials been published in the past 2-3 years. To summarize current evidence: no probiotic has proven successful in Crohn's disease. In ulcerative colitis, on the other hand, data are more promising, and a very recent meta-analysis, that included 23 randomized controlled trials, concluded that there is evidence of efficacy for the probiotic mixture VSL#3 in helping inducing and maintaining remission, as well as in maintaining remission in patients with pouchitis. It is fair to state that for both IBD and IBS, more well-designed, rigorous, randomized clinical trials must be performed.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/tratamento farmacológico , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
3.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 35(3): 233-236, jul.-sept. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-80220

RESUMO

Exponemos un caso representativo de un paciente que ingresa a la Unidad de Quemados del Hospital de Niños “Baca Ortiz” de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, con diagnóstico de quemadura eléctrica. Se trata de un paciente en estado crítico, con lesiones por carbonización en miembro superior e inferior izquierdos, y hemodinámicamente inestable. Analizamos los múltiples factores que intervienen en el curso de éste tipo de patologías, así como su tratamiento clínico y quirúrgico (AU)


We present a representative case of a patient arriving to the Burns Unit of “Baca Ortiz” Children Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, with an electric burn diagnose. The patient is in a critical status with carbonization of upper and lower left limbs, and hemodynamicinstability. The multiple factors participating in the course of this pathology are being analyzed, as well as its clinical and surgical treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Queimaduras por Corrente Elétrica/terapia , Queimaduras por Corrente Elétrica/cirurgia , Perna (Membro)/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 13(2): 640-5, 1990. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-136107

RESUMO

En la proyección lateral de la articulación lumbosacra es difícil obtener un alta definición, por los factores de la proyección, tales como: espesor, folio, valores de exposición y principalmente tamaño del foco, que impiden disminuir la borrosidad en la imagen visible. Es por esto que se propone usar la porción anódica del haz, ya que con ésta, el tamaño del punto focal disminuye a un tercio del valor que se tiene en la zona central del campo irradiado, razón por la cual, la definición se ve incrementada y, para captar la alta definición en su totalidad, es necesario aumentar la carga del tubo en un 2,5 por ciento respecto a la técnica convencional debido al efecto talón. La calidad radiográfica de las proyecciones obtenidas con la porción anódica fueron evaluadas por profesionales de la especialidad, obteniéndose un 88,9 por ciento de aceptación


Assuntos
Humanos , Eletrodos/estatística & dados numéricos , Região Lombossacral , Tecnologia Radiológica/instrumentação , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos
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